The Schoolmaster Ed Lawrence V Ryan Folger Shakespeare Library Review

Independent enquiry library in Washington, D.C.

Folger Shakespeare Library
The Gail Kern Paster Reading Room at the Folger Shakespeare Library, with a First Folio in the foreground.
Land	Us
Type	Private Research library
Telescopic	Early modern Europe, Shakespeare
Established	1932
Architect	Cret, Paul P.; Trowbridge, Alexander B. (Modern architecture)
Location	Washington, D.C.
Coordinates	38°53′22″North 77°0′11″W  /  38.88944°North 77.00306°W  / 38.88944; -77.00306 Coordinates: 38°53′22″Due north 77°0′11″West  /  38.88944°N 77.00306°W  / 38.88944; -77.00306
Collection
Items collected	Shakespeare-related materials, rare books, manuscripts, prints, drawings, playbills, paintings
Other information
Managing director	Michael Witmore
Website	www.folger.edu
Map

The Folger Shakespeare Library is an independent research library on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., United States. Information technology has the world's largest collection of the printed works of William Shakespeare, and is a primary repository for rare materials from the early on modern period (1500–1750) in Britain and Europe. The library was established by Henry Clay Folger in association with his wife, Emily Hashemite kingdom of jordan Folger. Information technology opened in 1932, ii years after his death.

The library offers advanced scholarly programs and national outreach to K–12 classroom teachers on Shakespeare education. Other performances and events at the Folger include the award-winning Folger Theatre, which produces Shakespeare-inspired theater; Folger Consort, the early on-music ensemble-in-residence; the O.B. Hardison Verse Series; the PEN/Faulkner Reading Series; and numerous other exhibits, seminars, talks and lectures, and family programs. It besides has several publications, including the Folger Library editions of Shakespeare's plays, the periodical Shakespeare Quarterly, the teacher resource books Shakespeare Set Gratis, and catalogs of exhibitions. The Folger is besides a leader in methods of preserving rare materials.

The library is privately endowed and administered by the Trustees of Amherst Higher. The library building is listed on the National Annals of Historic Places.

History [edit]

Standard Oil of New York executive Henry Clay Folger, a graduate of Amherst College and Columbia University, was an avid collector of Shakespeareana, start in 1889 with the purchase of a 1685 Fourth Folio.^[ane] Toward the finish of World State of war I, he and his wife Emily Jordan Folger began searching for a location for a Shakespeare library based on their collection. They chose a location adjacent to the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. The land was and so occupied by townhouses, and Folger spent several years buying the carve up lots. The site was designated for expansion by the Library of Congress, but in 1928, Congress passed a resolution assuasive its use for Folger'south project.^{[two] [3] [4]}

The cornerstone of the library was laid in May 1930, but Folger died before long subsequently. The majority of Folger's fortune was left in trust, with Amherst College as administrator, for the library. Early members of the board included Amherst graduate and quondam president Calvin Coolidge, 2d chairman of the Board of Trustees. Considering of the stock market crash of 1929, Folger'south estate was smaller than he had planned, although still substantial. Emily Folger, who had worked with her hubby on his collection, supplied the funds to complete the project. The library opened on April 23, 1932, the anniversary of what is believed to be Shakespeare's date of birth. Emily Folger remained involved in its administration until soon before her expiry in 1936.^{[5] [half dozen]} In 2005, the Folger Board of Governors undertook administration of the Folger under the auspices of the Amherst Board of Trustees, though the Amherst board continues to manage the Folger'due south budget.^[7]

The Folger's first official reader was B. Roland Lewis, who later published The Shakespeare Documents: Facsimiles, Transliterations, Translations, and Commentary based on his enquiry. The kickoff fellowships were distributed in 1936.^[8] Early Folger exhibitions featured enticing items in the collection, including Ralph Waldo Emerson's re-create of Shakespeare's works, an Elizabethan lute, and Edwin Booth'south Richard III costume.^[ix] Current practices for Folger exhibitions did not begin until 1964, when the first exhibition curated on site opened.^[10] During the Second World State of war, xxx,000 items from the Folger collection were transported nether guard to Amherst Higher's Converse Library, where they were stored for the elapsing of the state of war in case of an enemy attack on Washington, D.C.^[11]

Many of the Folger'south current public events and programs began in the 1970s under the leadership of managing director O.B. Hardison. Nether his management, the Folger'southward theater was brought up to Washington, D.C. fire code, permitting performances by the Folger Theatre Group, the library's outset professional person company. The Folger Poesy Serial besides began in 1970. Hardison formed the Folger Plant, which coordinates bookish programs and research at the Library. Folger Espoused, the Library's early on music ensemble, began performances in 1977.^[12]

The first Director of the Library, from 1940 to 1946, was Joseph Quincy Adams, Jr.^[13]

Buildings and grounds [edit]

Paul Philippe Cret's original designs for the east facade of the Folger Shakespeare Library, early 1930s

The main Folger building was designed past architect Paul Philippe Cret. The white marble exterior includes 9 street-level bas-reliefs of scenes from Shakespeare's plays created by the sculptor John Gregory, an aluminum replica of a statue of Puck by Brenda Putnam, as well equally many inscriptions personally selected by Henry Folger. The big Fine art Deco window and door grilles are aluminum.

Inside, the edifice is designed in a Tudor mode with oak paneling and plaster ceilings. The Elizabethan Theatre lobby contains the original marble Puck statue (restored and moved indoors in 2001), and architectural painting past muralist Austin M. Purves, Jr. The two reading rooms (one added in the early 1980s) are reserved for use by scholars who have obtained accelerate permission. Public spaces include the large exhibition gallery, a gift shop, and an Elizabethan theatre.

Compages [edit]

Outside of Folger Shakespeare Library

Henry Folger's search for an architect began with an associate, Alexander B. Trowbridge, who had redesigned a abode in Glen Cove, Long Isle, in the old English language style the Folgers were eager to characteristic in their Library. Folger contracted Trowbridge in 1928, only Trowbridge preferred to consult, rather than exist the master architect, and so recommended French émigré Paul Phillippe Cret. Trowbridge and Cret shared a like vision for the design of the Library—a neoclassical building that stripped the facade of any decorative elements. Though the Folgers had initially desired an entirely Elizabethan building, they ultimately agreed that a neoclassical building would blend with other existing buildings on Capitol Hill. To retain an Elizabethan quality on the exterior of the building, Cret and Trowbridge proposed to decorate the facade with scenes from Shakespeare'southward works. Currently, the relief sculptures includes scenes from Henry Four, Hamlet, Macbeth, Male monarch Lear, Julius Caesar, The Merchant of Venice, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Richard III, and Romeo and Juliet.^[14]

In 1959, the Folger contracted Harbeson, Hough, Livingston, and Larson, a Philadelphia firm that succeeded Cret's, to design a new fly by edifice over a rear parking lot. The additions too yielded a roof garden on elevation of the new wing.^[fifteen] A 2d Folger building, the Haskell Center, opened in 2000 beyond Third Street from the original building. The nineteenth-century role building was adjusted by architect Andrew K. Stevenson to firm the library'due south teaching and public programs staffs.^[16]

The Folger currently maintains a row of townhouses on Third Street to provide housing for scholars, readers, fellows, participants in Folger Plant programs, and other visitors.

Reading Room [edit]

The Reading Room officially opened in January 1933 and today contains reference works for piece of cake accessibility to readers. From 1977 to 1983, the Folger Shakespeare Library was renovated. Pattern was provided past Hartman-Cox Architects. During this renovation, it included the addition of new book stacks, renovation of office spaces, and an expansion to the Reading Room.^[17] A second, more modern reading room defended every bit the Theodora Sedgwick Bond-William Ross Bail Memorial Reading Room was completed in 1982.^[18] Upon Gail Kern Paster's retirement every bit director of the Folger in 2011, the original reading room was renamed the Gail Kern Paster Reading Room.^[19]

Henry Folger wanted the Library's reading room to experience at once similar a private home and the Great Hall of an English language higher. It features stained-glass windows and a large stone fireplace which has never been used. The large stained-glass window overlooking what is now the Gail Kern Paster Reading Room was designed and created by Nicola D'Ascenzo, who depicted the familiar "7 Ages of Man" soliloquy from As Y'all Like It.^[20]

Elizabethan Theatre [edit]

Initially, the Elizabethan Theatre was non intended for theatrical performance. The original model was the Fortune Playhouse, and so the Globe Theatre; these models proved difficult to replicate exactly, and the Folgers ultimately decided to incorporate features from multiple theaters to give visitors a general picture of a theater during the Elizabethan era. Earlier Folger Theatre productions began, the Elizabethan Theatre was used for concert performances and academic lectures. The theater, which seats around 260, has no pit. Painted on the ceiling is a well-known quote from As You Like It: "All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players."^[21]

The starting time theatrical performance in the Elizabethan Theatre was a 1949 product of Julius Caesar by the Amherst Masquers. The Folger Theatre Group formed in 1970 when the Elizabethan Theatre became compliant with Washington, D.C. burn down prophylactic laws. Early productions included Dionysus Wants Y'all!, which adjusted The Bacchae into a rock musical, and Twelfth Night.^[22]

Elizabethan Garden [edit]

At the east stop of the building is an Elizabethan Garden featuring plants from Shakespeare's plays, opened in 1989 amid the four magnolias planted by Emily Jordan Folger in 1932. In 2003, several sculptures by Greg Wyatt based on Shakespeare's plays joined the Elizabethan plants in the garden.

West garden [edit]

Sculptor Brenda Putnam was hired in May 1930 to pattern a sculpture of Puck for a garden on the west side of the edifice. Decades of exposure weakened the statue, and subsequently Puck'south right paw was found beyond the street at the Library of Congress in 2000, the original piece was moved. It now sits above the entrance to the Elizabethan Theatre, and an aluminum statue replaced the original in the garden.^[23]

The westward garden'southward backyard shrank during the 1959 additions to the library, when part of its infinite was paved for a new staff parking area.^[24]

An aluminum casting of Brenda Putnam's original statue of Puck stands in the due west garden of the Folger Shakespeare Library.

Library [edit]

Collection [edit]

The Folger houses the world'south largest drove of Shakespeare-related material, from the 16th century to the present. The library is best known for its 82 copies of the 1623 First Page (of which only 235 known copies survive ^[25]) and over 200 quartos of Shakespeare'south individual plays. Not restricted to Shakespeare, the Folger owns the world's third largest collection of English books printed before 1641, every bit well equally substantial holdings of continental and later English imprints.^{[26] [27]} The collection includes a wealth of items related to performance history: 250,000 playbills, ii,000 promptbooks, costumes, recordings and props. It also holds upwards of 90,000 paintings, prints, drawings, photographs, sculptures and other works of art.^[28]

The Folger's outset catalog of its collection began in 1935, when Edwin Willoughby, a scholar of library science and the Outset Page, began to catalog the book collection based on Alfred W. Pollard and Gilbert Richard Redgrave'south Brusk-Title Catalogue. Though Willoughby adult a unique classification system based on the Folger'south needs, in the tardily 1940s the Folger adopted that of the Library of Congress.^[29] In 1996, Folger staff and readers were given access to Hamnet, the collection's online catalog; the site became bachelor to the public in 2000.^[23] Today, the Folger uses several nomenclature systems.

Printed books [edit]

Rare books stored in the Folger's Vault

In all, the library collection includes more than 250,000 books, from the mid 15th century—when the press press was invented—to the nowadays twenty-four hours. In addition to its 82 First Folios, 229 early modern quartos of Shakespeare'south plays and poems and 119 copies of the Second, Tertiary, and Fourth Folios, the Folger holds some seven,000 later on editions of Shakespeare from the 18th century to present, in more 70 different languages.^[30] Across its Shakespearean texts, the library's collection includes over eighteen,000 early on English books printed before 1640 and another 29,000 printed between 1641 and 1700. The library holds 35,000 early modern books printed on the European continent, about 450 of which are incunabula. The topics of these texts vary widely, ranging across literature, politics, religion, technology, military history and tactics, medicine, and over 2,000 volumes on the Protestant Reformation.^[28]

Manuscripts [edit]

The Folger holds some 60,000 manuscripts (from Elizabeth I and John Donne to Mark Twain and Walt Whitman).^[31] These handwritten documents date from the 15th to the 21st century and embrace a variety of subjects: documents related to performance history and literature, personal correspondences, wills, love letters, and other materials of daily life. Notable manuscripts include the earliest known staging diagram in England, a list of quotations George Eliot compiled while writing Middlemarch, the 18th-century Shakespeare forgeries of William Henry Ireland, and the papers of legendary 18th-century actor David Garrick.

The Folger hosts Early Modern Manuscripts Online (EMMO), an IMLS-grant funded project to digitize and transcribe English manuscripts from the 16th and 17th centuries in a freely available digital collection. EMMO holds conferences, paleography classes, "transcrib-athons", and other events at the Folger and elsewhere.^[32]

Highlights of the collection [edit]

Significant items in the Folger'due south collection include:

• The only extant complete copy of Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus first quarto, published in 1594
• The Simulated Page
• The Macro Manuscript, a unique source for the 3 early morality plays: The Castle of Perseverance, Mankind and Wisdom. The manuscript likewise contains the earliest known staging diagram for whatsoever play in England.
• The Dering Manuscript, a single-play redaction of Henry Four, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2 that is the earliest known manuscript for any of Shakespeare's works.
• The Ashbourne portrait, the footing of several Oxfordian arguments
• Henry Viii's childhood copy of Cicero's De officiis, begetting an inscription in his mitt, "Thys boke is myne Prynce Henry"
• The Trevelyon Miscellany of 1608, an oversized illustrated manuscript of 594 pages, depicting everything from the mundanities of daily life to biblical stories to contemporary political history
• The earliest Sieve Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I
• Thirteen of John Donne's letters detailing the personal crisis he faced upon marrying Anne More without her male parent's permission
• Thousands of pages of messages to and from prolific 18th-century actor David Garrick

Research and education [edit]

Programs for advanced scholars, faculty, graduate students, and undergraduates are provided by the Folger Institute. Programs for M–12 teachers and students are provided by the Pedagogy section.

Folger Institute [edit]

The Folger Establish has served as the focus of scholarly inquiry at the Folger since 1970. The Folger offers long- and short-term fellowships for advanced researchers across all disciplines, and hosts the two-week Amherst-Folger Undergraduate Fellowship program every Jan. The Institute holds a variety of colloquia, courses, workshops, and conferences for faculty, graduate students, and secondary educators. Scholarly programs run past the Folger Institute include the Folger Found Consortium, a grouping that shares research and other resources amidst over 40 universities, the Center for Shakespeare Studies, which seeks depth and multifariousness in Shakespeare scholarship, and the Middle for the History of British Political Thought, which promotes continued scholarship of three hundred years of British politics.^{[33] [34]}

Education [edit]

Educational outreach at the Folger began in the early on 1970s;^[12] today, the Folger Educational activity department continues those early efforts with a variety of programs for K–12 students and teachers that emphasize an active learning approach to Shakespeare. Teachers gather at the Folger for twenty-four hours-long and calendar month-long programs to work to incorporate Shakespeare and functioning in the classroom.^[35] The department too publishes a multifariousness of materials for classroom use. Educatee programs include workshops, local residency initiatives, and a loftier schoolhouse fellowship program during which students study Shakespeare at the Folger. The Emily Jordan Folger Children's Shakespeare Festival, founded in 1980, allows uncomplicated students to perform every bound.^[36] The Secondary School Shakespeare Festival, founded the following year, brings students from grades 7–12 to perform half-hour collections of Shakespeare scenes in the Folger theater.^{[18] [37] [38]}

Teaching Shakespeare Institute [edit]

The Instruction Shakespeare Constitute (TSI) is an intensive four-calendar week summertime report program for centre- and high-schoolhouse teachers hosted annually past the Folger Shakespeare Library's Education Department, with funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities.^{[39] [xl]} TSI participants work with experts to study a pocket-size number of Shakespearean plays in terms of scholarship, performance, and the classroom. 50 teachers participated in the countdown programme in 1984,^[39] merely the annual number is now capped at 25.^[41] By 2015, over 775 teachers had gone through the program.^[40]

Performances and events [edit]

The Folger Shakespeare Library's cultural and arts programs include Folger Theatre, Folger Espoused, the O.B. Hardison Poetry Series and the PEN/Faulkner Foundation, too equally boosted talks, screenings, lectures and exhibitions.

Folger Theatre [edit]

Folger Theatre performs a flavour of Shakespeare-inspired theater, featuring the works of Shakespeare besides as contemporary plays inspired by his works. Since its inception in 1992, Folger Theatre has staged over half of the plays in Shakespeare'southward Commencement Folio.^[42] Productions accept received 135 nominations for a Helen Hayes Award and won 23, including Outstanding Resident Play for its renditions of Measure for Measure (2007), Village (2011) and The Taming of the Shrew (2013).^[43] Folger Theatre's Artistic Producer is Janet Alexander Griffin, who has held the position since 1982.^[44] Performances occur in the theater at the east end of the building.

Folger Espoused [edit]

Folger Consort is the library's resident early music ensemble, founded in 1977 by its artistic directors Robert Eisenstein and Christopher Kendall.^[12] The Consort performs medieval music, Renaissance music, and bizarre music in its concert series. The Consort performs regularly at the Elizabethan Theatre, at the Washington National Cathedral and at the Music Middle at Strathmore. The Espoused as well holds seminars, discussions, and radio broadcasts. Since 2006, Folger Espoused has won Best Classical Sleeping accommodation Ensemble five times at the Washington Area Music Awards.^[45]

O.B. Hardison Poesy Series [edit]

Since 1970, the Folger has hosted contemporary poets for readings, chastened conversation, and Q&As in what is now chosen the O.B. Hardison Poetry series, after former director of the Folger, O.B. Hardison, Jr.^[46] By poets involved in the series include Octavio Paz, Gwendolyn Brooks, Allen Ginsberg, W. Due south. Merwin, Adrienne Rich, Yusef Komunyakaa, James Merrill, Frank Bidart, Robert Pinsky, Derek Walcott, Hayden Carruth, Rita Pigeon, Seamus Heaney, Sterling Brown, Denise Levertov, June Hashemite kingdom of jordan, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Sonia Sanchez, and James Dickey. Betwixt 1991 and 2009, the series as well awarded the O.B. Hardison, Jr. Poetry Prize, which was awarded by the library to a U.S. poet who has published at to the lowest degree ane volume within the last five years, has fabricated important contributions every bit a teacher, and is committed to furthering the understanding of poetry.

PEN/Faulkner [edit]

In conjunction with the PEN/Faulkner Foundation, the Folger hosts the PEN/Faulkner Reading Series, which brings gimmicky authors to the Folger for public readings of fiction.^[47] The Folger besides hosts the annual PEN/Faulkner Honor for Fiction readings, which gloat the year's finalists and winners.

Digital resources [edit]

The Folger offers several online tools to assistance in enquiry and scholarship, including the following:

• Hamnet, an online catalogue of the Folger'due south holdings^[48]
• The Digital Epitome Collection (too known as "LUNA"), which provides over 80,000 images of the collection, including manuscripts, books and art. The images in the collection are available under a Creative Eatables license.^[49]
• Folgerpedia, the Folger's in-business firm wiki; a collaboratively-edited encyclopedia providing information well-nigh the establishment, the collection, and other relevant data.
• Folger Digital Texts, online editions of Shakespeare's plays and poems

Leadership [edit]

To date, vii directors and three interim directors accept overseen Library diplomacy. Michael Witmore, a scholar with detail interest in the digital analysis of Shakespeare'due south texts, became the Folger's seventh director on July 1, 2011.^[50]

1. William A. Slade (1931–1934)
2. Joseph Quincy Adams (1934–1936, acting; 1936–1946, manager)
3. James McManaway (1946–1948, acting)
4. Louis Booker Wright (1948–1968)
5. Philip A. Knachel (1968–1969, acting)
6. O.B. Hardison, Jr. (1969–1983)
7. Philip A. Knachel (1983–1984, acting)
8. Werner Gundersheimer (1984–2002)
9. Gail Kern Paster (2002–2011)
10. Michael Witmore (2011–nowadays)

Run into likewise [edit]

• Book collecting

References [edit]

1. ^ Grant 2014, p. 82.
2. ^ Ziegler, Georgianna: "Duty and Enjoyment: The Folgers as Shakespeare Collectors in the Gilded Age", Shakespeare in American Life, Virginia and Alden Vaughan (eds.). Washington, D.C.: Folger Shakespeare Library, 2007, pp. 108–109.
3. ^ Infinite Variety: Exploring the Folger Shakespeare Library, Esther Ferington (ed.). Washington, D.C.: Folger Shakespeare Library (distributed by University of Washington Press, Seattle), 2001, p. 16.
4. ^ Also see "Founding the Library" Archived 2014-12-19 at the Wayback Automobile on Folger website.
5. ^ Lynch, Kathleen, "Folger, Emily Hashemite kingdom of jordan", American National Biography, John Garraty and Mark Carnes (editors). New York: Oxford University Printing, 1999, volume 8, pp. 167–168.
6. ^ Space Variety, pp. 16–17.
7. ^ Grant 2014, pp. 201–202.
8. ^ Grant 2014, pp. 188–189.
9. ^ Grant 2014, p. 191.
10. ^ Grant 2014, p. 197.
11. ^ Grant 2014, p. 193.
12. ^ ^{a b c} Grant 2014, p. 195.
13. ^ Spauling, Thomas G. (1947). The Literary Society in Peace and War. Washington, D.C.: George Banta Publishing Visitor.
14. ^ Grant, Stephen H. Collecting Shakespeare: The Story of Henry and Emily Folger. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014, pp. 147–149.
15. ^ Louis B. Wright, Of Books and Men (Columbia: Academy of South Carolina Press, 1976), p. 152.
16. ^ "The Haskell Heart for Educational activity and Public Programs". Folger Shakespeare Library. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
17. ^ "Folger Shakespeare Library". Hartman-Cox Architects. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-01-12 .
18. ^ ^{a b} Grant 2014, p. 196.
19. ^ Grant 2014, p. 203.
20. ^ Grant 2014, p. 154.
21. ^ Grant 2014, p. 151.
22. ^ Grant 2014, p. 194.
23. ^ ^{a b} Grant 2014, p. 200.
24. ^ Wright 1976, p. 152.
25. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-03-xvi. Retrieved 2018-03-xvi . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy equally title (link)
26. ^ Infinite Multifariousness, p. 95.
27. ^ See as well "The Collection" Archived 2007-12-25 at the Wayback Machine on the Folger site.
28. ^ ^{a b} "The Drove". 4 Dec 2014. Archived from the original on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2015-07-27 .
29. ^ Grant 2014, p. 189.
30. ^ "Folger Shakespeare Library", New Encyclopædia Britannica, Chicago: Micropædia, 15th edition, 2007, Volume iv.
31. ^ Wolfe, Heather (ed. and compiler), "The Pen'south Excellencie": Treasures from the Manuscript Collection of the Folger Shakespeare Library," Washington, D.C.: Folger Shakespeare Library (distributed past University of Washington Press, Seattle), 2002, p. ten for full number; pp. 51, 151, 183, and 196 for Elizabeth I, Donne, Twain, and Whitman.
32. ^ Wolfe, Heather (26 Nov 2013). "EMMO: Early Modernistic Manuscripts Online". The Collation. Folger Shakespeare Library. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
33. ^ "Folger Institute". Folgerpedia. Folger Shakespeare Library. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
34. ^ "Scholarly Programs". Folger.edu. 28 January 2015. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
35. ^ kdvorak (xv December 2014). "Professional Development". Folger Shakespeare Library. Archived from the original on 2015-12-28. Retrieved 2016-01-12 .
36. ^ kdvorak (19 Dec 2014). "Emily Jordan Folger Children's Shakespeare Festival". Folger Shakespeare Library. Archived from the original on 2016-01-11. Retrieved 2016-01-12 .
37. ^ "Teach & Learn". Folger.edu. 28 January 2015. Archived from the original on 12 August 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
38. ^ "Lily McKee High Schoolhouse Fellowship Program". Folger.edu. 15 December 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
39. ^ ^{a b} O'Brien, Peggy (September 2009). "What'due south past..." (PDF). English language Journal. 99 (ane): 30. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
40. ^ ^{a b} "Shakespeare Lives On". NEH 50th Anniversary. National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
41. ^ French, Esther (Fall 2014). "Teaching Shakespeare Institute: Thirty Years of Teaching Teachers" (PDF). Folger Magazine. Archived (PDF) from the original on iii June 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
42. ^ Folger Theatre Archived 2015-06-25 at the Wayback Machine
43. ^ "Helen Hayes Awards" Archived 2015-07-03 at the Wayback Machine list on Folgerpedia
44. ^ "A quick five with Janet Alexander Griffin" Archived 2015-12-08 at the Wayback Machine
45. ^ The full list of Wammie Winners Archived 2007-07-05 at the Wayback Machine
46. ^ admin (ten December 2014). "O.B. Hardison Poetry". Folger Shakespeare Library. Archived from the original on 2016-01-08. Retrieved 2016-01-12 .
47. ^ penfaulkner.org Archived 2017-06-18 at the Wayback Machine
48. ^ "Hamnet: Folger Shakespeare Library Online Catalog". hamnet.folger.edu . Retrieved 2016-01-12 .
49. ^ Blake, Erin (12 Baronial 2014). "Free cultural works! Come become your complimentary cultural works!". The Collation. Folger Shakespeare Library. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
50. ^ "Meet the Director". Folger.edu. Archived from the original on fifteen January 2014. Retrieved ten Feb 2014.

Cited sources [edit]

• Grant, Stephen H. (2014). Collecting Shakespeare: The Story of Henry and Emily Folger. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

External links [edit]

• Folger Shakespeare Library
• Folger Library YouTube channel
• Hamnet: Folger Shakespeare Library Catalog
• Shakespeare Quarterly
• Folger Institute
• Folgerpedia, The Folger Library's own wiki infinite
• LUNA, The Digital Paradigm Collection

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library

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